INTRODUCTION GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Bleeker) is a species of freshwater fish is easily bred and high tolerance to environmental changes and ease of maintenance. It was quite tasty and enjoy doing in Indonesia.
Tilapia fish species including Citralada, tralada, local and Nila GIFT into Indonesia in 1984 and 1996 from ICLARAM Philippines through Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute (Balitkanwar).
Nila enlargement technique terapannya very easy to do so, well done. household scale or large scale (enterprise). The place can be implemented on the ground pool, pool wall and the floating net cage (KJA).
For very extensive marketing both domestically and abroad (exports) such as Japan and Singapore society, particularly the size of the weight above 500 grams. For domestic consumption will be much effort to support the family nutrition improvement.
Viewed from its prospects, both within and outside the country is very promising, so that the necessary steps that must be to increase production for domestic needs and overseas can be met.
ENLARGEMENT GIFT tilapia
Nila enlargement technique GIFT terapannya there. 3 (three) types, namely:
A. Monoculture (Maintenance Single).
The wide area augmentation pond varies, depending on the available land. Can be ground pool, pond. paneled walls, Running Water Swimming (KAD) and Keramba Nets, Floating (KJA).
Water used for maintenance should be free of pollution both from industrial waste, agricultural and residential waste. Water discharge 1-5 It / sec for wide selahan 100 m2.
B. Polyculture (Maintenance Mixtures with other fish).
Nila maintenance can be done by polyculture (mixed) with other fish species, fish condition was not included is a competitor (competitor) or predators (predators) for tilapia. types and the percentage of each fish can be seen in the table below:
C. Integrated longyam (BalongAyam) and other poultry.
To increase production, maintenance Nila can be done together with backyard poultry. Based on the experience that has been done, maintenance Nila beneficial when combined with laying hens.
3. POOL PREPARATION
Tilapia Fish Pond Preparation of maintenance include: a. Drying ponds; b. Repair embankment, the channel intake and expenditure; c. Liming with the size of 25-1000 g/m2; d. Fertilizing with manure 500 g / m2, urea 15 grams / m 2 and TSP grams / m2.; e. Filling the pool water; f. Can be done spraying with pesticides; g. To prevent h.ewan / other fish in, it can be mounted at the entrance to the water filter; h. Add water to a depth of 80-150 cm, and then close the door intake and expenditure, let the stagnant water; i. Nila Fish stocking is done after 5-7 days of water filling the pool.
4. BENIN stocking tilapia
Nila seed size that is spread measuring 8-12 cm in size or weight of 30 grams / fish at stocking densities of 50-10 animals per m2 as well as long maintenance, 6 months to size Nila weight reached 400-600 g / fish. Or, to dense stocking of Tilapia fish can be seen below:
5. PROVISION OF FOOD The composition of the food provided to Nila other than natural foods can be given additional food. intensively cultivated, namely in the form of bran, coconut pulp, pellets or kitchen scraps.
• Basically feeding consists of: • Protein 20-30%; • Fat 70% (maksimal.); • Carbohydrates 63-73%. • Pakanyaberupa greenery are: • Kaliandra; • Kalikina or cone-shaped; • Kipat, • Kihujan.
6. DISEASE
Nila disease which, the most serious was caused by the environment and unpleasant circumstances, such as overcrowding, food shortages, poor handling, etc.. Combating the best and most effective way to provide better conditions in the fish pond.
Once a fish pond which was devastated by disease, serious usually too late to take any action. Healing by giving antibiotics or fungicides to the entire pool will cost quite expensive.
The karma that prevention is cheaper than doing the treatment, which is another way to drying ponds and do the setup from the beginning.
7. HARVESTING
After the maintenance period 4-6 months, Nila Fish can be harvested. At harvest the total size of fish varied over 50 grams per head.
Harvesting system can also be done in stages, where only the chosen measure of consumption (the market). In the first stage using nets and each subsequent month in stages.
Mechanical harvesting of the easiest and cheapest way to dry pond totally or partially. When the fish is harvested as a whole, the pond dried completely. However, prior to harvest at once the water is removed only partially.
During the harvest of fresh water need to be channeled into the pond to prevent fish are not many dead. Fish will be gathered in a bath-tub (puddle) arrest or in a channel, then diserok / captured.
After harvest is completed, the pool maintenance re-dried and made preparations for the next maintenance.
source: West Java Provincial Fisheries Office, 2008
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